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87th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting - TRB
Place and Date: Washington, del 13 al 17 January 2008
Presentation:
Congrés de caràcter anual del Transportation Research Board (TRB), una de les institucions del National Research Council americà dedicada a la investigació en temes de Transport.
Papers:
- "Effects on Social Welfare due to Alternative Road Pricing Schemes" Salas, M., F. Robusté & S. Saurí.
- "Optimal Road Pricing for a Quality Service" Saurí, S., J. Argote, M. Salas & F. Robusté
- "Highway Travel Time Data Fusion" Soriguera, F., D. Abeijón, L. Thorson & F. Robuste
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PAPERS |
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Effects on Social Welfare due to Alternative Road Pricing Schemes
Authors:Salas, M., F. Robusté & S. Saurí
Congress: 87th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting - TRB
Place and Date:Washington, del 13 al 17 January 2008
Language: anglès
Summary:
Road pricing has been recognized as an effective means of managing traffic demand, reducing the environmental impact of road traffic and obtaining revenue. Nevertheless, this type of measure produces great public opposition, mainly due to the equity effects. A model was developed for assessing the change in social welfare when implementing different road pricing systems and in this case, we analyzed a flat toll and distance-based toll. The results show that these charging structures produce different impacts on the demand, revenues, user’s surplus, and social welfare. While the flat toll deters shorts trips, it also encourages long distance trips. On the other hand, a distance-based scheme takes into account the long distance trips but encourages congestion caused by shorts trips. The model was applied on the expressway network of the Metropolitan Area of Barcelona using TransCAD.
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Optimal Road Pricing for a Quality Service
Authors:Saurí, S., J. Argote, M. Salas & F. Robusté
Congress: 87th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting - TRB
Place and Date:Washington, del 13 al 17 January 2008
Language: anglès
Resum:
Road tolls can be defined from different ways. Up to now, these tariffs have been seen either as a mechanism to finance the infrastructure or as a tool to manage the congestion. Another possibility is defining a road toll as a value for the differential quality service from one road (a highway, for instance) to another. In this quality, aspects like reliability of travel time, quality of pavement or security can be included. The aim of this article is to fix a formulation for a “quality toll” that increases social welfare under a Pareto optimal strategy. With this purpose, it is prepared a mathematical model to measure the effects that this tariff would have on a simplified network. To perform this analysis it is necessary to determine a road users’ utility function that considers the monetary cost of the travel and the road quality perceived by the drivers. The indicators which could quantify these costs and qualities must be identified. After all these determinations an optimum logarithmic quality toll is obtained. Later, the numerical analysis concludes that the toll structure obtained validates the restrictions imposed and also forces the concessionary to establish a better road quality than the one which appears in the situation where no toll is imposed.
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Highway Travel Time Data Fusion
Authors:Soriguera, F., D. Abeijón, L. Thorson i F. Robusté
Congress: 87th Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting - TRB
Place and Date:Washington, del 13 al 17 January 2008
Language: anglès
Summary:
The development of new traffic monitoring systems and the increasing interest of road operators and researchers in obtaining reliable travel time measurements has leaded to the development of multiple travel time data sources. This situation represents a perfect environment for the implementation of data fusion systems to obtain the maximum accuracy from the available data.
This paper presents a new approach to calculate highway travel times fusing different data sources: inductive loop detectors and toll ticket data. Although the data fusion algorithm presented herein is applied to these types of data, it could easily be generalized to other equivalent sources.
The data fusion algorithm is applied to different travel time estimations in order to obtain a fused value more reliable than any of the individual estimations. The proposed algorithm overcomes some of the limitations of other methods, improving the spatial and temporal coverage, and determining the flow state (congested or not).
The results obtained in the application of the methodology to the AP-7 highway, near Barcelona in Spain, are found to be reasonable and accurate.
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